Iqiniso elidabukisayo ukuthi izinhlekelele ziyenzeka.Ngisho nalabo abalungiselela izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengeziphepho noma imililo yequbula, bangase balahlekelwe yizinhlekelele.Lapho lezi zinhlobo zezimo eziphuthumayo zicekela phansi amakhaya namadolobhana, abantu ngabanye nemindeni izithola idingeka ukuthi yenze izinqumo ezinkulu ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esifushane, okuhlanganisa ukuthi bayohlala noma bahambe.
Uma sekudlule isiphepho, umlilo wequbula, inkanyamba, uzamcolo, noma ukuzamazama komhlaba, kunesinqumo esisodwa esiyinhloko abantu abaningi okufanele basenze: Ngemva kokulahlekelwa yikho konke enhlekeleleni, ingabe uyakha kabusha endaweni efanayo noma uqoqe futhi ubhekise amabombo endaweni ephephile?Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho uzama ukuphendula umbuzo onjalo.
- Ungakwazi yini ukwakha kabusha ube sezingeni eliphezulu lokwakha elingenza ikhaya lakho elisha liqine futhi limelane nezinhlekelele kunaleli elidala?
- Ingabe uzokwazi ukuthola (noma ukukhokhela) umshwalense esakhiweni esakhiwe kabusha endaweni yenhlekelele?
- Ingabe omakhelwane, amabhizinisi endawo kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi kungenzeka zibuye futhi zakhe kabusha?
Uma kubhekwa ukuthi uzodinga ukwenza lesi sinqumo esinzima maduze nje ngemva kwenhlekelele, sihlanganise inkomba yensiza ukukusiza uzilungiselele.Ngokucabanga kusengaphambili nokuqapha, uzokwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu womndeni wakho.
Izinhlobo Zezinhlekelele Zemvelo Ezithinta Abathengi Nabanikazi Bezindlu
Lapho uthenga ikhaya, kubalulekile ukwazi ubungozi.Isimo sezwe kanye nezici zokuma kwezwe kuveza abanikazi bezindlu ezingozini ezahlukene, futhi udinga ukwazi ukuthi ubhalisela ini, mayelana nesimo sezulu kanye nezingozi zemvelo.
- Iziphepho.Uma uthenga ikhaya endaweni elisogwini evame ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kufanele ucwaninge ubungozi besiphepho endaweni.Kukhona namarekhodi aku-inthanethi akhombisa lapho zonke izivunguvungu zihlasele khona i-US kusukela ngo-1985.
- Imililo yequbula.Izindawo eziningi zisengcupheni yomlilo wequbula, kuhlanganise nalezo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, esomile, nehlathi elinezinkuni eziwile.Amamephu aku-inthanethi angabonisa izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu bomlilo wequbula.
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba.Kufanele futhi ucwaninge ngengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba kwekhaya lakho.I-FEMA Earthquake Hazard Maps iwusizo ekuboniseni ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu.
- Izikhukhula.Ngokufanayo, uma uthenga ikhaya endaweni enezikhukhula (ungabheka Isevisi Yemephu Yezikhukhula ye-FEMA), uzodinga ukulungiselela ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezikhukhula.
- Izishingishane.Uma uthenga ikhaya endaweni yenkanyamba, ikakhulukazi e-Tornado Alley, kufanele wazi ubungozi bakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha.
Ngokuvamile, emiphakathini lapho ingozi inkulu khona, abathenga izindlu kufanele babheke amakhaya akhelwe ukumelana nezinhlekelele zemvelo ezivamile zezindawo ngokusemandleni abo.
Izinhlekelele Ezilimaza Amakhaya - kanye Nokuphila
Izinhlekelele zemvelo zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ekhaya, kodwa inani nohlobo lomonakalo kuyahluka kakhulu.Isibonelo, iziphepho zingabangela umonakalo ngenxa yemimoya enamandla, kodwa ukuqhuma kwesiphepho okuhambisana nakho kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wezikhukhula.Iziphepho nazo zingadala izishingishane.Le nhlanganisela ingalingana nokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo ngisho nokuphelele kwezakhiwo.
Futhi sonke siwubonile umonakalo owenziwe ezindlini ngemva komlilo, izikhukhula, noma ukuzamazama komhlaba.Lezi zenzakalo zibizwa ngokuthi “izinhlekelele” ngesizathu.Ubuqotho besakhiwo sekhaya bungalimala kakhulu nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu, kushiye kungahlali muntu.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlekelele ezidala umonakalo ophahleni kanye nesakhiwo, ikhaya elihlupheka ngisho namasentimitha ambalwa okulimala kwamanzi kungadinga ukulungiswa okuphawulekayo kanye nokulungiswa kwesikhunta.Ngokunjalo, ngemva komlilo wequbula, umlilo nentuthu umonakalo ushiya izinkinga eziqhubekayo ngale kwalokho okubonakalayo - njengephunga nomlotha okhukhulekayo.
Nokho, akuwona kuphela amakhaya ahluphekayo lapho kwenzeka inhlekelele yemvelo;ukuphila kwabantu abakuleyo mizi kungathuthukiswa ngokuphelele.Ngokwesiza sezingane ezisiza umphakathi, i-The Our World, “Izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengezikhukhula nezishingishane, ziphoqe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-4.5 emhlabeni wonke ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2017. Zihlanganisa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezingane eziyekiswe ukufunda noma kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuthi izikole zilinyazwa kakhulu noma zicekelwa phansi yisimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.”
Izikole, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano zezinsiza zikamasipala nazo zithintwa izinhlekelele zemvelo, okushiya imiphakathi yonke inquma ukuthi kufanele bakhe kabusha noma bahambe.Umonakalo omkhulu owenzekile ezikoleni kusho ukuthi izingane zomphakathi zizohlala izinyanga zingafundi noma zihlakazekele ezikoleni ezahlukene eziseduze.Izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezifana namaphoyisa, izicishamlilo, abezimo eziphuthumayo, nezibhedlela bangathola izinsiza zabo noma abasebenzi besengozini, okubangele ukuphazamiseka kwezinsizakalo.Izinhlekelele zemvelo zidala umonakalo kuwo wonke amadolobha, zibe nomthelela kwezinye izici ezinqumayo kubanikazi bezindlu lapho bekhetha ukuhlala noma ukuhamba.
Hlala noma Hamba?Inkulumo-mpikiswano Yomphakathi
Uma kuziwa ekunqumeni ukuthi nizohlala futhi nakhe kabusha noma nihambe niqhubeke ngemva kwenhlekelele yemvelo, khumbulani ukuthi aninabokuqala ababhekene nalesi sinqumo esinzima.Eqinisweni, njengoba izinhlekelele zemvelo zithinta imiphakathi emikhulu, kuye kwavela izimpikiswano zomphakathi ezinhlobonhlobo mayelana nokuthi imiphakathi yonke kufanele yini izithathele izindleko ezimba eqolo zokwakha kabusha.
Isibonelo, ingxoxo yomphakathi eqhubekayo iphikisana nobuhlakani bokusebenzisa izimali zenhlangano ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha amadolobha asogwini lapho kungenzeka khona esinye isiphepho singokoqobo.I-New York Times iyabika, “Ezweni lonke, kuye kwachithwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi entela ekuxhaseni ukwakhiwa kabusha kogu ngemva kweziphepho, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa ukuthi kunengqondo ngempela yini ukuqhubeka kwakhiwa kabusha ezindaweni ezithandwa izinhlekelele.”Ososayensi abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi ukwakha kabusha kulezi zindawo kuwukumosha imali futhi kubeka izimpilo zabantu engcupheni.
Kodwa-ke, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 abantu base-US bahlala eduze nogu.Ukuhleleka kokuphuma kwabantu abaningi kungaba yisimangaliso.Futhi ukushiya amakhaya nemiphakathi abayazi nabayithanda izizukulwane ngezizukulwane akuyona into elula kunoma ubani.Ingosi yezindaba nemibono i-Tylt iyabika, “Cishe amaphesenti angu-63 ezwe asekela amadola entela eya eNew York naseNew Jersey ngemva kokugadla [kweSiphepho] uSandy, futhi abantu abaningi baseMelika banomuzwa wokuthi izindawo ezingomakhelwane zisondelene futhi kufanele zigcinwe ndawonye.Ukushiya ugu kungasho ukuphazamisa imiphakathi yonke futhi kuhlukanise imindeni.”
Njengoba uqhubeka ufunda, uzobona ukuthi le nketho ingase ingabi enye ongayenza ngokuphelele uwedwa;izinketho zamabhizinisi azungeze ikhaya lakho nazo zizosebenza.Phela uma umphakathi wangakini ukhetha ukungawakhi kabusha, yini eyosala kuwe?
Izindleko Zonyaka Kubanikazi Bezindlu
Izinhlekelele zemvelo zibiza ngezindlela eziningi nezihlukene, hhayi okungenani ngokwemali.Ngokombiko we-Natural Disasters' Economic Impact, “u-2018 bekungunyaka wesine obiza kakhulu ngezinhlekelele zemvelo emlandweni […] Zibize amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-160, okuyingxenye yawo kuphela efakwe umshwalense […]Kube nemicimbi engu-16 ebize ngaphezu kuka-$1 billion inye.”
Njengoba iForbes ichaza, “umlilo udle abanikazi bezindlu imali enkulu kakhulu, ngomonakalo ongamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6,3 phakathi kuka-2015 no-2017 kuphela.Izikhukhula zadla abanikazi bezindlu cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,1 ngaleso sikhathi, kuyilapho iziphepho neziphepho zadla amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5.”
Uma imigwaqo nezingqalasizinda ezinkulu zicekelwa phansi, izindleko emiphakathini zimba eqolo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo abangenawo umshwalense ngokuvamile bagcina sebengenamali, futhi izindlu zabo ezilimele zihlala zingalungiswa.Ngisho nangosizo lukahulumeni noma isimo esiphuthumayo esimenyezelwe, abanye abantu abakwazi ukuhlala.
Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono wezindleko zonyaka zabanikazi bezindlu, hlola umbiko we-MSN MoneyTalksNews' ukuhlola ukuthi Zingakanani Izindleko Zezinhlekelele Zemvelo Kuso Sonke Isifunda.
Ukucatshangelwa komshwalense
Abanikazi bezindlu kufanele bathenge uhlobo olufanele lomshwalense ukuze bavikele amakhaya abo nempahla uma kwenzeka kuba nenhlekelele.Kodwa-ke, umshwalense wasekhaya uyakhohlisa, futhi akuzona zonke izinhlekelele ezimboziwe.
Njengoba ibhulogi yezezimali i-MarketWatch ichaza, “Kubanikazi bezindlu, lokho okudale umonakalo ekhaya kuzobonakala kubalulekile ngezinjongo zomshwalense, ngoba ukufakwa kuzoncika ekutheni umonakalo udalwe kanjani.Ngesikhathi sesiphepho, uma imimoya enamandla idala umonakalo ophahleni oholela ekuqoqweni okukhulu kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwendlu, umshuwalense cishe uzowumboza.Kodwa uma umfula oseduze ugwaza ngenxa yemvula enamandla bese udala izikhukhula, umonakalo wemizi uzokhavwa kuphela uma abanikazi benomshuwalense wezikhukhula.”
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nezinhlobo ezifanele zomshwalense — ikakhulukazi uma uthenga ikhaya endaweni lapho kungenzeka khona izinhlekelele zemvelo.Njengoba iForbes ichaza, “abanikazi bezindlu kufanele baqaphele izinhlekelele ezingase zenzeke endaweni yabo, ukuze bazivikele ngokufanelekile ukuze bangalimazi umonakalo.”
Ukuqonda Nokunciphisa Izingozi
Kungaba lula ezikhathini ezisheshayo ezilandela inhlekelele yemvelo ukucabanga okubi kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba wenze noma yisiphi isinqumo esihlala njalo mayelana nokuthi uzohlala noma uhambe, kufanele unciphise ubungozi.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-Rice University Business School iyachaza, “Nakuba singenakubikezela ukuthi enye inhlekelele izokwenzeka nini, kubalulekile ukungacabangi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi sikhukhule muva nje, izikhukhula zizophinde zenzeke maduze.Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi uma abantu behlelela ikusasa basuke benesisindo esikhulu ezenzakalweni zakamuva.”
Nokho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukucabangela izingozi futhi wenze isinqumo unolwazi.Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlala endaweni ethandwa iziphepho, kudingeka ucabangele ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukusinda kwesinye isiphepho noma kungaba ngcono ukuba uthuthe.Ngokufanayo, uma uke waphila phakathi kwezikhukhula futhi uqhubeka uhlala endaweni enezikhukhula, kuwukuhlakanipha ukutshala imali kumshwalense wezikhukhula.Futhi, buyekeza amamephu e-US abonisa izingozi zezinhlekelele zemvelo njengokuzamazama komhlaba, izikhukhula, iziphepho neziphepho ukuze akusize uthole ukuqonda okungcono kwezinto eziyingozi endaweni yangakini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2021
